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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Carbon nanotubes for water transport ： ウィキペディア英語版 Carbon nanotubes for water transport Carbon Nanotubes for Water Transport Water shortages have become an increasingly pressing concern recently and with recent predictions of a high probability of the current drought turning into a megadrought occurring in the western United States, technologies involving water treatment and processing need to improve. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been the subject of extensive studies because they demonstrate a range of unique properties that existing technologies lack. For example, carbon nanotube membranes can demonstrate higher water flux with lower energy than current membranes. These membranes can also filter out particles that are too small for conventional systems which can lead to better water purification techniques and less waste. The largest obstacle facing CNT is processing as it is difficult to produce them in the large quantities that most of these technologies will require. ==Basic Carbon Nanotube Water Transport Information== There are two main types of membrane that can be manufactured: ones with vertically aligned CNT and ones with more randomly arranged CNT. Ideally the membrane would be composed of vertically aligned CNT as this would produce the greatest flux through the membrane but producing this pattern is incredibly difficult. The easier method is to produce a randomly arranged membrane with the drawback that it will not perform as well as the aligned. Other important factors to consider in processing are the tube diameter and length, density of the CNT (how closely packed) and what (if any) filler will be used. The hydrophobic walls of the carbon nanotubes accelerate the flow of water molecules through the tube as they "slip" whenever they come in contact with the walls. The water molecules are driven through the pores by a pressure difference created by a pump. As the molecules begin to travel through the tube, they form a chain like network with one another due to the strong hydrogen bonding present. This facilitates the flow of water through the tubes as well as one molecule is pulled forward by the one in front of it. The water can also flow down the outer surface of the tubes, but flow through the inside of the tubes is the fastest. This system is thought to be useful in water purification and desalination because of the accelerated water flow, as well as the nanotubes' ion-exclusion properties. Ions are excluded by functionalizing the ends of the nanotubes, as well as by tube diameter. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carbon nanotubes for water transport」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.